Past simple
and present perfect
Past simple (Minulý čas)

Present   perfect (Předpřítomný čas)

The past simple tells   us only about past. We use the past simple for a finished time in the   past. 

Useful expressions:
-   yesterday
-   last (week, month, year,…)
-   from 1996 to 1998
-   in (2001,…..)
-   before (1999,…..)
The present perfect   is a present tense and it always tells us something about now. We use it for a   period of time that continues from the past until now. 

Useful expressions:
-   today, already, yet, just
-   this (day, week, month,…)
-   since (1998, last May, etc.)
-   for   (three hours, ages, etc)
-   recently
 
Past simple
Affirmative sentences
Regular verbs   (pravidelná slovesa) Irregular verbs   (nepravidelná slovesa)
- play →   played
They played squash   yesterday.
- visit →   visited
Jack visited   his parents last week.
- study →   studied
I passed the exam, because I studied hard.
- stop →   stopped
The police stopped me   on my way home.
- go → went
I went   to school by bus two days ago.
- lose → lost
We lost   the game three nil.
- write → wrote
He wrote   80 poems last year.
- get → got
My mum got up   very early yesterday. 

 

Negative (= zápor) Question (= otázka)
I didn´t work   / didn´t go Did I work? / Did I go?
You didn´t work   / didn´t go Did you work? / Did you go?
He
She didn´t work   / didn´t go
It
       he
Did she work? / go 
       it
We didn´t work   / didn´t go Did we work? / Did we go?
You didn´t work   / didn´t go Did you work? / Did you go?
They didn´t work   / didn´t go Did they work? / Did they   go?


Present perfect
The present perfect   is have/has   + past participle
The past   participleregular verbs (ends in –ed;   ex. arrived)
                             ∟ irregular verbs (ex. gone, spoken, been)
Example: Charles and   Sarah have gone to America.
 

Affirmative Negative Question
I have worked I haven´t worked Have I worked?
You have worked You haven´t worked Have you worked?
He
She has worked
It
He
She hasn´t worked
It
       he
Has she worked?
       it
We have worked We haven´t worked Have we worked?
You have worked You haven´t worked Have you worked?
They have worked They haven´t worked Have they worked?
 


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