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Past simple and present perfect
Past simple (Minulý čas)
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Present perfect (Předpřítomný čas)
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The past simple tells us only about past. We use the past simple for a finished time in the past.
Useful expressions:
- yesterday
- last (week, month, year,…)
- from 1996 to 1998
- in (2001,…..)
- before (1999,…..) |
The present perfect is a present tense and it always tells us something about now. We use it for a period of time that continues from the past until now.
Useful expressions:
- today, already, yet, just
- this (day, week, month,…)
- since (1998, last May, etc.)
- for (three hours, ages, etc)
- recently |
Past simple
Affirmative sentences
| Regular verbs (pravidelná slovesa) |
Irregular verbs (nepravidelná slovesa) |
- play → played
They played squash yesterday.
- visit → visited
Jack visited his parents last week.
- study → studied
I passed the exam, because I studied hard.
- stop → stopped
The police stopped me on my way home. |
- go → went
I went to school by bus two days ago.
- lose → lost
We lost the game three nil.
- write → wrote
He wrote 80 poems last year.
- get → got
My mum got up very early yesterday.
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| Negative (= zápor) |
Question (= otázka) |
| I didn´t work / didn´t go |
Did I work? / Did I go? |
| You didn´t work / didn´t go |
Did you work? / Did you go? |
He
She didn´t work / didn´t go
It |
he
Did she work? / go
it |
| We didn´t work / didn´t go |
Did we work? / Did we go? |
| You didn´t work / didn´t go |
Did you work? / Did you go? |
| They didn´t work / didn´t go |
Did they work? / Did they go? |
Present perfect
The present perfect is have/has + past participle
The past participle – regular verbs (ends in –ed; ex. arrived)
∟ irregular verbs (ex. gone, spoken, been)
Example: Charles and Sarah have gone to America. |
| Affirmative |
Negative |
Question |
| I have worked |
I haven´t worked |
Have I worked? |
| You have worked |
You haven´t worked |
Have you worked? |
He
She has worked
It |
He
She hasn´t worked
It |
he
Has she worked?
it |
| We have worked |
We haven´t worked |
Have we worked? |
| You have worked |
You haven´t worked |
Have you worked? |
| They have worked |
They haven´t worked |
Have they worked? |
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